2. Bertram Atkey
3. Reginald Glossop
4. David H. Keller
***
Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918)
PORTRAIT OF APOLLINAIRE BY ROUSSEAU
Controversial and brilliant French art critic, also highly respected for his tales of sophisticated cruelty and the macabre. He had some sf themes in two stories.
A French poet, writer, and art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother.
Among the foremost poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word surrealism and writing one of the earliest works described as surrealist, the play Les Mamelles de Tirésias (1917, later used as the basis for an opera in 1947).
Apollinaire was one of the most popular members of the artistic community of Montparnasse in Paris. His friends and collaborators during that period included Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, Max Jacob, André Salmon, Marie Laurencin, André Breton, André Derain, Faik Konica, Blaise Cendrars, Pierre Reverdy, Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Chagall and Marcel Duchamp. In 1911, he joined the Puteaux Group, a branch of the cubist movement.
On September 7, 1911, police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa, but released him a week later. Apollinaire then implicated his friend Pablo Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning in the art theft, but he was also exonerated.
He fought in World War I and, in 1916, received a serious shrapnel wound to the temple. He wrote Les Mamelles de Tirésias while recovering from this wound. During this period he coined the word surrealism in the program notes for Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie's ballet Parade, first performed on 18 May 1917. He also published an artistic manifesto, L'Esprit nouveau et les poètes. Apollinaire's status as a literary critic is most famous and influential in his recognition of the Marquis de Sade, whose works were for a long time obscure, yet arising in popularity as an influence upon the Dada and Surrealist art movements going on in Montparnasse at the beginning of the twentieth century as, "The freest spirit that ever existed."
The war-weakened Apollinaire died of influenza during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918. He was interred in the Le Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.
Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909), but Alcools (1913) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the Symbolists, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In 1913, Apollinaire published the essay Les Peintres cubistes on the cubist painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term orphism to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of Robert Delaunay and others.
In 1907, Apollinaire wrote the well-known erotic novel, The Eleven Thousand Rods (Les Onze Mille Verges). Officially banned in France until 1970, various printings of it circulated widely for many years. Apollinaire never publicly acknowledged authorship of the novel. Another erotic novel attributed to him was The Exploits of a Young Don Juan (Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan), in which the 15-year-old hero fathers three children with various members of his entourage, including his aunt. The book was made into a movie in 1987.
Shortly after his death, Calligrammes, a collection of his concrete poetry (poetry in which typography and layout adds to the overall effect), was published.
Poetry
* Le bestiaire ou le cortège d’Orphée, 1911
* Alcools, 1913
* Vitam impendere amori', 1917
* Calligrammes, poèmes de la paix et de la guerre 1913-1916, 1918 (published shortly after Apollinaire's death)
* Il y a..., 1925
* Ombre de mon amour, poems addressed to Louise de Coligny-Châtillon, 1947
* Poèmes secrets à Madeleine, pirated edition, 1949
* Le Guetteur mélancolique, previously unpublished works, 1952
* Poèmes à Lou, 1955
* Soldes, previously unpublished works, 1985
* Et moi aussi je suis peintre, album of drawings for Calligrammes, from a private collection, published 2006
Prose
* Mirely ou le Petit Trou pas cher, 1900
* "Que faire?",
* Les Onze Mille Verges ou les amours d'un hospodar, 1907
* L'enchanteur pourrissant, 1909
* L'Hérèsiarque et Cie (short story collection), 1910
* Les exploits d’un jeune Don Juan, 1911
* La Rome des Borgia, 1914
* La Fin de Babylone - L'Histoire romanesque 1/3, 1914
* Les Trois Don Juan - L'Histoire romanesque 2/3, 1915
* Le poète assassiné, 1916
* La femme assise, 1920
* Les Épingles (short story collection), 1928
Plays and screenplays
* Les Mamelles de Tirésias, play, 1917
* La Bréhatine, screenplay (collaboration with André Billy), 1917
* Couleurs du temps, 1918
* Casanova, published 1952
Articles, essays, etc.
* Le Théâtre Italien, illustrated encyclopedia, 1910
* Pages d'histoire, chronique des grands siècles de France, chronicles, 1912
* Méditations esthétiques. Les peintres cubistes, 1913
* La Peinture moderne, 1913
* L'Antitradition futuriste, manifeste synthèse, 1913
* Case d'Armons, 1915
* L'esprit nouveau et les poètes, 1918
* Le Flâneur des Deux Rives, chronicles, 1918
* "Remote Projection" (L'heresiarque et Cie, 1910; translated as The Heresiarch and Co.). TK
* "The Disappearance of Honore Subrac" (L'heresiarque et Cie, 1910; translated as The Heresiarch and Co.). TK
***
Bertram Atkey (TK)
British writer
The Strange Case of Alan Moraine — possible influence on Black Sabbath's "Iron Man"? Hm.
***
Reginald Glossop (TK)
TK
***
David H. Keller (TK)
TK
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